Speed, Turning, and range for cannons/siege weapons are the best stats. Don’t go for ram damage because rams are pretty weak and you end up sacrificing speed. Brisk light ram is good though because it has a 2.5 speed multiplier.
I recommend going Brisk archaic hull because it gives 15 extra turning and 7 extra speed. For sails, either use brisk or warship. If you do use warship for the sails, I recommend using culverins or amplified on your carronades so you can outrange your enemies. You don’t want to try trading damage while having less health. Otherwise, warship works pretty well on cannons if you have high turning because you can just switch sides instead of waiting for the cannons to reload.
For siege weapons, howitzers are the best because they have really good range and damage. I recommend swift or brisk because going for more range is overkill.
For deckhands, speed and turning are the best, but it depends on preference.