These explanations are mostly just me using the available information about the various powers and trying to figure out how they work.
Magic
Magic energy comes from Chaos, so in a way, magic energy is refined chaos energy. The Gods and Titans were able to freely use magic as well as a few other races like dragons and sirens.
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After stealing Hecate’s authority over magic, Prometheus gave humanity the power to use it. Later on, during the War of the Gods, Zeus had started taking away magic from humans, however Prometheus fought him before he could go any further.
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People who can use magic are called mages (or wizards in the seven seas) and whether a person can become a mage or not is semi-random but also depends on their bloodline, so someone whose parents are both mages is more likely to become a mage than someone who isn’t related to mages at all.
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Some people, such as Durza(cheron) have zero natural potential for magic. They are probably the descendants of those who had their magic taken away by Zeus.
Mages draw mana from the air either passively, or actively by charging. They then focus the energy to their hands (or somewhere else) to create a magic circle, which then allows them to cast a spell. How a spell works is also based on intent, meaning magic can do different things such as healing or hurting someone, supercharging their energy output (aura spell), fly, etc. More complex applications of intent use up more energy.
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Originally, mages used their souls as a medium for spellcasting, however this method was dangerous and overuse damaged the soul, shortening the lifespan of mages.
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Magic circles were later invented by Merlin, the First Mage so that mages could cast spells without damaging their souls.
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By using magic often, a mage’s mana capacity increases, allowing them to use more at once and cast stronger spells.
Spirit energy and Spirit-weapons
Spirit energy comes from Creation. It is the energy within every living thing and is what makes up souls. The Gods and Titans were also able to use spirit energy freely.
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Unlike magic, most humans are unable to access their spirit energy without the use of spirit-weapons, objects blessed by a god’s power allowing a person to use their own spirit energy as well as fraction of the power of the god who blessed that spirit-weapon.
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However, Legacies, humans with godly heritage, can learn how to use spirit energy without needing a spirit-weapon.
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People skilled with spirit-weapons are called oracles.
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Like magic, spirit energy also works through intent, but there are less limits on what spirit energy can do compared to magic, and powerful oracles can perform feats such as controling the earth, summoning natural lightning, temporarily or permanently alter their bodies, and draining spirit energy from their surroundings to boost their own power.
Curses
Elemental Curses are a physical manifestation of magic that take the form of a large glowing cube. Upon contact with a Curse, it fuses with the person who touched it, allowing them to use “cursed energy” to create, control, or transform into their element.
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“Cursed energy” is a type of magic energy, however, when objects made by curse users eventually lose their energy, they become physical objects rather than dissipating into mana.
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Elemental Curse users will break apart when submerged in seawater due to the sheer amount of chaotic magic energy in it from the Fracture.
External/Experimental Curses are made from spirit energy rather than magic and work differently from Elemental Curses.
The known Experimental Curses are;
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The Energy Curse, used by Arthur, which grants the user limitless energy by causing them to regenerate energy faster than they could possibly use it up. The user can also fire this energy in blasts and beams similarly to an Elemental Curse,
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The Lazarus Curse, held by Freedrock, which upon death has a chance of resurrecting the user stronger than before they died according to the golden ratio,
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The Shockwave Curse, wielded by Grand Admiral Valencia, which allowed her to create and manipulate powerful shockwaves,
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The Absorption Curse, which allowed Durza-cheron to absorb magic and other Curses from people,
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and the Nirvana Curse which granted Merlin immense knowledge at the cost of not making him immortal like any other Curse would.
Children and descendents of curse users have a chance of recieving cursed inheritance from their parent/ancestor which enables them imbue a bit of cursed energy into their other powers/weapons similarly to weapon aura.
"Combat Aura"/ Weapon aura
A non-mage can still get stronger by training their physical strength, which eventually gets to a point where they start subconsciously gathering trace amounts of mana, allowing them to surpass the natural limits of human strength.
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Those with control of aura can ‘infuse’ it with something like heat or seawater, causing their aura to inherit those properties.
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Powerful users of this aura can imbue it into their weapons, including exalted arcanium weapons, which are permanently infused with someone’s magic and bring out their magic energy (triasta).
God powers
I believe the powers that the Gods use can be classified into two categories; their Authority and their Domain.
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A god’s Authority allows them absolute command over an aspect/concept of nature, like how Zeus commands the sky and weather, Poseidon controls the seas and Hades has power over the souls of the dead.
“??????” granted Prometheus the power to steal Hecate’s authority over magic, which allowed him to give it to humanity in the first place. This power probably comes from a god’s spirit energy.
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A god’s Domain allows them near-absolute control of a natural element rather than a concept, and is also what that god’s energy manifests as, such as how Apollo’s domain is the sun, Zeus’ is lightning, and Nyx’s is darkness.
